Re: I have a few questions regarding multiple things...
The .ini files use a variable based modding system that emulates the way objects are defined in C++. By setting various attributes you can do different things in modding. It's in no way "real" programming or scripting, nor is it based on any "real" language.
The things that can be put in .ini files are what's already in .ini files. Virtually all of CC modding is copying, pasting, and replacing names.
Templates give you a preexisting setup to modify to your wildest dreams without damaging any main game content.